Senior Eye Care and Protection

Window into Independence

It’s been said that the eyes represent the window to the soul, but when you think about it, they’re also the window into our reality – a window that we often take for granted. And perhaps it’s because we can’t actually see our eyes that we don’t usually think about their health until our vision begins to diminish. However, as we age, it becomes more imperative that we safeguard our vision before problems – like cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy – arise.

 

While the symptoms of these conditions may be mild initially, they can ultimately result in seniors having to give up many of things that promote their independence, including activities of daily living. Fortunately, seniors can take steps to reduce their risk of visual impairment. Perhaps the most important action for seniors to take is to have their eyes consistently examined.

Every 12 minutes, someone in Canada begins to lose their eyesight. But 75 per cent of vision loss can be prevented.

The Importance of Eye Exams

Regularly scheduled checkups are fundamental to protecting our eyesight, especially as we get older. Comprehensive eye exams, which generally look at four key components of vision (eye alignment, visual acuity, depth perception, and eye movement), help in determining any correctable refractive errors so that any necessary aids can be prescribed. Although some seniors may only require glasses or contacts to help correct these more minor issues, others rely on eye exams to help detect the presence of eye diseases, often early in their development and before any major damage has occurred. What’s more, optometrists can often detect other general health problems, such as high cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension, while examining the eyes.

 

The Ontario Association of Optometrists recommends that adults over the age of 65 receive eye exams once every year, or more if vision becomes noticeably different. The earlier something is detected, the faster treatment can begin. Of course, eye exams are only part of the equation. Seniors can be proactive and protect their eyes by making healthy lifestyle choices as well.

Note: Seniors should always consult their physician before changing diet or beginning any exercise regimen.

 

Lifestyle Changes

  • Diet – Replace processed foods and refined carbohydrates with a diet that includes fresh fruits and vegetables, as well as foods rich in antioxidants (vitamins A and C). Switch from sugary drinks, like soda and juice, to water. Higher sugar intake can cause the eye’s lens to swell. Additionally, Omega-3 fatty acids, found in many cold-water fish, have been found to help reduce the risk of eye disease.
  • Quit Smoking – In addition to causing heart disease and lung cancer, smoking can also contribute to vision loss. In fact, the risk of developing macular degeneration alone is 2.5 – 3.5 times greater for those who smoke. Seniors should keep in mind that it’s never too late to quit smoking, and the body will actually begin to heal within days of quitting.
  • Shield the eyes – Particularly between the hours of 11AM and 3PM, the sun’s ultraviolet light is at its most powerful. The rays emitted from this light are certainly dangerous to your skin, but your eyes are just as vulnerable. The solution is to wear UV-blocking sunglasses, as well as wide brim hats that can offer extra protection.
  • Exercise – It’s recommended that seniors get at least 20 minutes of moderate physical activity each day. Low-impact exercises, such as walking, swimming, and cycling, are often some of the most beneficial for seniors because they aren’t as hard on the body but are still intense enough to elevate the heart rate.
  • Reduce ‘Digital Eye Strain’ – We’re fortunate to live in a digital age where seniors have access to technology that allows them to stay connected, but many devices can cause issues like dry eyes, blurred vision, and eye pain. In fact, collectively these symptoms have an official name: digital eye strain. To help combat this, seniors should take frequent breaks from their digital devices, reduce any overhead light to eliminate glare, and position themselves at an arm’s distance away from the screen. They can also purchase specialty eyewear that features strain-reducing capabilities.

 

Comfort Keepers® Can Help 

Seniors should feel empowered knowing that they can take steps to protect their vision and reduce the risk of eye diseases. But when they need some additional help, Comfort Keepers® is there to offer the support they need. Our caregivers can help establish daily routines that promote good health and independent living. Caregivers can also provide transportation to and from medical appointments or anywhere else clients need to go. Contact your nearest Comfort Keepers location to learn more about our in-home care services.

 

 

 

References:

Canadian National Institute for the Blind. “Seeing Beyond Vision Loss.” Web 2018.

Ontario Association of Optometrists. The Eye Exam for Seniors”. Web. 2018.

VSP. “Seniors’ Sign: Yearly Checkups a Must.” Web. 2018.

Natural Eye Care. “Eye Care for Seniors,” by Dr. Grossman. Web. 2018.

The Vision Council. “Digital Eye Strain” Web. 2018.

Bausch and Lomb. “60s+ Eye Health.” Web. 2018.

Senior Hydration: Why It’s Important

Diminishing Returns

If someone ever asks you what you’re made of, the appropriate response should be, “water.” After all, throughout most of our lives, water makes up more than 50% of our body content – a majority of which is contained inside our cells. And while it may sound like a lot, we’re not exactly great when it comes to holding onto it. Through perspiration, respiration, and urination, we experience an average loss of 70 ounces of water each day. This is, of course, why we replenish our fluids throughout the day. This may not be difficult for young or middle-age adults to do, but it can be trickier for seniors, due to certain age-related factors.

 

Our body’s water content decreases by approximately 15% by the time we reach 80 years of age.

Because of this, seniors are more likely to become dehydrated and face a greater risk of everything from falling to urinary tract infections, and even kidney failure. In this article, we’ll explore the factors that influence hydration, the health consequences of dehydration, and steps seniors and caregivers can take to reduce the overall risk.

 

What Impacts Hydration for Seniors?

As mentioned, losing water through biological processes is normal. However, as we age, we tend to lose more than usual because the body’s ability to conserve water diminishes with time. Complicating matters even further, older adults’ thirst signals aren’t as efficient as they once were, making it difficult to know when to drink water. Dehydration can also result from:

  • Chronic urinary incontinence
  • Limited mobility
  • Limited access to clean water
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Memory problems
  • Medications, such as diuretics

 

If left unchecked, dehydration can lead to a number of serious problems. In fact, it continues to be noted as one of the most frequent causes of hospitalization among older adults. Immediate problems can include seizures and heat stroke, but over time, dehydration can cause a reduction in blood volume, urinary tract infections (UTIs), pneumonia, and kidney failure. Given the severity of these problems, seniors should certainly recognize the importance of proper hydration, but it’s also critical for them to understand that dehydration is not inevitable.

 

Hydration Tips

Sixty-four ounces of water – or eight 8-ounce glasses if it’s easier to remember – is generally considered the standard when it comes to proper daily intake, but more may be needed depending on prescribed medications or health conditions. Thus, seniors should talk to their physician and adjust accordingly. The tips below will help guide them toward the daily goal:

  • Keep water close by and within arm’s reach – as a visual reminder
  • Avoid caffeinated beverages or replace with their non-caffeinated counterparts
  • Make drinking water enjoyable by making popsicles, frozen juice pops, sorbets, or other hydrating treats
  • Drink additional water when taking medication(s)
  • Keep a water-drinking schedule so as not to rely solely on thirst
  • Eat foods high in water content, such as:
    • Soup,
    • Yogurt,
    • Cucumbers,
    • Apples, and
    • Blueberries

 

Comfort Keepers® Can Help

Proper hydration can be one of the primary concerns for family caregivers when it comes to the wellbeing of their loved ones. At Comfort Keepers®, we recognize just how important this is. That’s why our caregivers can help seniors maintain regular hydration schedules and see that they are following the steps above to receive the recommended amount of water each day. In addition, we provide everything from companionship to light housekeeping – all to help improve their quality of life. For more information about how Comfort Keepers can support senior health, safety, and independence, contact your nearest office today.

 

 

 

References:

AgingCare. “Hydration Tips for Seniors” by Jennifer Leeflang. Web. 2018.

Hydration for Health Initiative. “Hydration and the Elderly.” Web. 2018.

Better Health While Aging. “Q&A: How to Prevent, Detect, & Treat Dehydration in Aging Adults” by Leslie Kernisan
MD MPH. Web. 2016.

Dispelling Senior Nutrition Myths

A Plethora of Information

As a society, we have generally become more conscious of nutritional needs. That should come as no surprise given the amount of information that we are inundated with on a daily basis, informing us of what we should and shouldn’t eat, and what to avoid. With so much information, it’s inevitable that some bad information gets out there, only to be perpetuated and believed by many.

It’s estimated that one in three older adults admitted to the hospital is malnourished.

When it comes to nutrition for older adults, misinformation can be especially dangerous. Though it may be difficult to believe, we live in a time when senior malnutrition – or the insufficient intake of food compared to nutritional requirements – represents a growing problem in the country. In an effort to provide accurate information to help support health and wellbeing, we want to dispel some of the more common myths surrounding senior nutrition. Please note that seniors should always consult their physician before making any dietary changes.

 

Five Senior Nutrition Myths

  1. Fewer nutrients are required

    While some seniors may require fewer calories than other adults, nutrients are a different story altogether. Because our bodies aren’t as efficient at absorbing vitamins and minerals as we get older, there are some nutrients that we need more of, such as vitamin D, vitamin B-12, calcium, and iron. Instead of trying to reach a certain caloric amount each day, the key is to incorporate nutrient-dense foods into the diet. Some of these foods include whole-grain bread, fruits and vegetables, lean proteins, and calcium-fortified milk.

  2. Drinking water is only necessary when you’re thirsty

 

Hydration is a crucial aspect of nutrition no matter how young or old we are. But for aging adults, who generally face a greater risk of dehydration, drinking an adequate amount of water is critical. The problem is that some mistakenly associate hydration with thirst, and the signals we rely on to tell us that we are thirsty begin to diminish as we get older. Since these signals aren’t as effective, it’s imperative for seniors to build a proper hydration schedule into their daily routine to reach the recommended sixty-four ounces.

 

  1. Gaining weight doesn’t pose a threat

    Becoming overweight or obese is just as dangerous for older adults as it is for younger adults, and can significantly impact not only cardiovascular health, but also mobility (which may already be limited, due to other age-related factors). Our metabolism slows down as we age, which makes it increasingly difficult to burn off excess calories, making it even more imperative that what’s consumed is substantial. Seniors can take an active role in reducing or preventing weight gain by choosing healthier options and engaging in physical activity (with physician approval).

  2. Supplements can replace food

    Go down the nutrition aisle at your local grocery store, and you’re likely to assume there’s a supplement for just about anything. While these certainly serve their purpose in filling in the gaps and providing seniors with extra nutrients where needed, they should not be relied on solely for proper nutrition, or serve as a substitute for real food. Doing so can cause severe gastrointestinal side effects and, over time, lead to malnutrition.

  3. It’s too late to begin eating healthy


When it comes to nutrition, it’s easy to adopt a defeatist attitude. The belief that having a healthy lifestyle is no longer an option can be common, even for younger adults. For seniors, especially those who are facing the last years of life, these feelings of hopelessness may be heightened. Fortunately, every change that’s made – no matter how small – can make a significant impact on senior health and wellbeing. Seniors can start by doing something as simple as reducing their sodium intake, then replacing unhealthy foods for nutrient-dense whole foods, and soon enough, they’ll be on their way to feeling healthier and happier.

 

 

Comfort Keepers® Can Help

At Comfort Keepers®, our compassionate, professional caregivers can help seniors prepare nutritious meals and see that they get the nutrients needed to remain healthy. Additionally, we can provide transportation to and from the grocery store, remind them to take any prescribed medications/supplements, and help with daily tasks in the home. Contact a local Comfort Keepers office today to learn more about our in-home care services.

 

 

 

 

References:

Caring.com. “7 Common Senior Nutrition Myths” by Caring.com staff writers. Web. 2018.

Huffington Post. “Debunked! 7 Common Senior Nutrition Myths” by Laura Dixon. Web. 2018.

Huffington Post. “Senior Malnutrition: A National Nutrition Crisis” by Robert B. Blancato. Web. 2015.

Chefs for Seniors. “7 Senior Nutrition Myths.” Web. 2018.

Medicine Net. “Health Tips: Seniors, Focus on Nutrient-Dense Foods” by HealthDayNews. Web. 2018.

Senior Home Safety – Reducing the Risk of Falls

Where Falls Stand

One of the greatest threats to senior wellbeing and quality of life is falling. In fact, falls represent the leading cause of both fatal and non-fatal injuries of Canadian seniors. Here are a few key facts to highlight not only how pervasive falls are in this age group, but the toll they take:

  • Falls account for more than half of all injuries among seniors.
  • Every 13 seconds, an older adult is treated in the emergency room for a fall; every 20 minutes, an older adult dies from a fall.
  • 87 percent of all fractures in the elderly are due to falls. Two-thirds of those who fall will do so again within six months

In addition to the physical and financial impact, the dread associated with falling can be enough to immobilize some older adults, making them afraid to do much of anything. And for those who already experience feelings of loneliness and isolation, fear of falling can often make matters worse. But fear should never get in the way of quality of life, even when it comes to falls in the home.

The most common place for older adults to fall is in the home.

Although there are several factors involved in senior falls, one of the most significant is the hazardous nature of their living environment. Obstacles such as loose rugs, poor lighting, and the absence of handrails all pose a serious threat. Fortunately, these factors can be controlled. With a few alterations and additions, seniors can manage their living environment, thus reducing their risk of falling.

 

Adjustments to Make in the Home

  • In the Bedroom
    • Ensure that night lights are installed so that there is adequate illumination.
    • Keep an easy-to-use light source, such as a touch lamp, within reach of the bed.
  • In the Bathroom
    • Install grab bars on the inside/outside of the shower, as well as next to the toilet.
    • Place a non-slip mat in the shower and on all surfaces that may become wet.
    • Install a shower chair or bath bench to reduce standing.
  • In the Kitchen
    • Keep frequently used cooking utensils or appliances visible and on the counter or on nearby shelves, to reduce having to get them out of the cupboards.
    • Install non-slip rubber mats to allow for secure footing.
  • In the Hallways
    • Eliminate any form of clutter (boxes, newspapers, shoes, etc.) so that pathways are clear.
    • Remove small throw rugs that may cause tripping.
    • Ensure carpeting is firmly secured to the floor.
    • Install nightlights to provide ample illumination.
  • Other Considerations
    • Move any electrical cords away from walking paths.
    • Install a second handrail on staircases to allow for additional balance support.

Other Ways to Reduce the Risk of Falling

In addition to safety precautions in the home, there are lifestyle changes that seniors can make to reduce their risk of falling. First and foremost, it’s important to stay physically active. While this may seem counterintuitive and likely to result in a fall, frequently engaging in a safe, structured regimen will increase strength, flexibility, coordination, and balance. Always check with your physician before embarking on an exercise program.

 

Seniors should also receive regular eye examinations. Since even the smallest change in eyesight can change visibility, it’s crucial that they have the correct prescription for eyeglasses or contact lenses. Finally, medications should be reviewed with a physician to evaluate side effects and their chances of contributing to falls.

 

Comfort Keepers® Can Help

Even the idea of falling is frightening to older adults and family caregivers alike. But as mentioned, this fear should not stop seniors from leading fulfilling, independent lives. Observing safety precautions in the home and making the necessary changes are important first steps in getting back on track, but there may come a time when seniors need additional support. That’s where Comfort Keepers® comes in. We can assess the home and recommend changes conducive to fall risk reduction. In addition, our compassionate, professional caregivers can assist with everything from light housekeeping to incidental transportation.

 

Call your local Comfort Keepers location today to learn about how our services can benefit seniors in the community.

 

 

 

 

References:

Veteran Affairs Canada. ”Fall Fact Sheet”.  Web 2018.

National Institute on Aging. “Fall-Proofing Your Home.” Web. 2018.

National Council on Aging. “18 Steps to Fall Proofing Your Home” by Scott A. Trudeau. Web. 2016.

National Council on Aging. “Fall Prevention Statistics.” Web. 2018.

WebMD. “Aging Well: Making Your Home Fall-Proof” by Healthwise Staff (Reviewed by Anne C. Poinier, MD and
Elizabeth A. Phelan, MD, MS. Web. 2015.

AgingCare. “How to Prevent a Senior from Falling” Web. 2018.

Lyme Disease: What Seniors Should Know

A Good Day Gone Bad
Ticks. These small arachnids get to us through a behavior known as questing, in which they perch themselves on tall blades of grass or plant stems and wait for something – or someone – to brush past. And that’s when they strike, biting down on the skin and attaching themselves to feed on the blood they crave. Research shows that, over the last few decades, the tick population in Canada has grown rapidly, and as a result, the number of cases related to the diseases they carry has also risen. Lyme disease, in particular, is of growing concern. While Lyme disease can be dangerous to those of all ages, it poses a much greater risk for seniors, whose immune systems are generally less effective.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that approximately 300,000 cases of Lyme disease are diagnosed in North America each year.

The Importance of Early Detection
Tick bites are extraordinarily common from April through September and are found throughout Canada. Given their commonality, there’s a good chance that most people may remove the tick and simply move on, viewing them more as a nuisance and not thinking of what may be happening under the skin. What’s more, because of the natural anesthetic that ticks secrete when they bite, some may not even be aware that they’ve even been bitten (assuming the tick fell off on its own accord). That’s why it’s imperative for seniors to understand the early signs of Lyme disease. The sooner they begin treatment, the greater their chances of overcoming the illness.

Here’s what seniors should be on the lookout for:
• Fever, chills, and joint aches
• A rash with a bull’s eye-like appearance (a small red bump just after a tick bite is common and not always indicative of Lyme disease)
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Intense migraines
• Dizziness and shortness of breath
• Problems with short term memory

One of the difficulties in diagnosing Lyme disease in seniors is that many of the symptoms mimic those found in other conditions and diseases commonly found in older adults. In fact, songwriter and actor Kris Kristofferson was misdiagnosed for years as having Alzheimer’s, when in fact the source of his memory loss was caused by Lyme disease. Detailed information, in this case, is paramount to diagnosis and treatment. If seniors report symptoms such as those listed above to their physician, it’s important to also let them know if there was time spent outside. If Lyme disease is detected, an antibiotic will be prescribed and the infection will resolve within two-to-three weeks.

But as mentioned, time is of the essence when it comes to Lyme disease, and seniors should never shrug off the symptoms. The longer Lyme disease goes untreated in seniors, the harder it becomes to cure. And even if late-stage Lyme disease is treated, the lingering effects, such as fatigue and nausea, may never fully go away.

Reducing the Risk of Lyme Disease
Lyme disease is undoubtedly a great risk for seniors, but it should not deter them from enjoying the outdoors. Taking a few precautionary steps can help seniors avoid these bloodsuckers almost entirely. Before embarking on a walk or hike, it’s important to put on clothing that covers up the arms and legs, as ticks are more likely to attach themselves there. If it’s warmer out and longer clothing isn’t a sensible option, applying tick repellent product is recommended. Sticking to the center of trails or walking paths can also help, as can avoiding areas of high or thick vegetation, if possible. Upon returning from outside, seniors should also check themselves thoroughly for the presence of ticks or indications of a tick bite.

Comfort Keepers® Can Help
Getting to spend time outside can be a key component of our physical and emotional well-being, and at Comfort Keepers®, we want to ensure that seniors have the means to do so. Our caregivers can help clients dress appropriately for a hike or walk – with clothing that will reduce the risk of tick bites – and accompany them every step of the way. Call a local Comfort Keepers location to learn more about our caregiving services.

 

 

 

References:
Government of Canada. “Lyme Disease”. Web 2018.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Signs and Symptoms of Untreated Lyme Disease.” Web. 2018.
ThoughtCo. “How Do Ticks Get On You?” by Debbie Hadley. Web. 2017.
Interim Healthcare. “Are ticks dangerous for the elderly?” Web. 2018.
Next Avenue. “Kris Kristofferson’s ‘Dementia’ Was Lyme Disease” by Emily Gurnon. Web. 2016.

Seniors and the Road to Quality Sleep

Quality, Not Quantity

The older we get, the harder it becomes to get a good night’s sleep. Beginning in our late 20s, there’s a steep decline in the amount of deep sleep we get each night – and by the time we reach 50, that amount is reduced by more than half. For older adults (65 years of age and older), getting adequate sleep can be an even greater challenge. Even if they reach the recommended 7-9 hours each night (a metric that, despite popular belief, remains constant throughout all stages of adulthood), it may not exactly be quality sleep.

 

Consequently, seniors may fall asleep earlier than usual, wake up in the middle of the night, or suffer from insomnia – all of which can negatively impact the quality of life. In addition to making them tired and irritable, lack of sleep can lead to issues with memory and an increased risk of falling. But what makes sleep deprivation so prevalent in the senior population?

The average person will spend nearly 230,000 hours asleep throughout their life, which equates to about 26 years.

Factors that Impact Sleep Quality

We know that sleep plays a significant role in the regeneration of cells, but there is much about the process that remains a mystery. What is known, however, is that sleep occurs in stages and patterns – what sleep experts refer to as “sleep architecture” – which includes light sleep, deep sleep, and REM sleep. The natural process of aging shifts this architecture so that there is more time in light sleep and less in deep, which is what causes older adults to wake up frequently throughout the night. This is also why they may find themselves napping more during the day. Adding to this, as we age our body tends to manufacture less of the hormones needed to regulate sleep, such as melatonin.

 

This light sleep is only made worse by the increased incidence of medical conditions such as diabetes, asthma, and arthritis – just to name a few. The pain associated with these conditions can easily disrupt sleep, as can the medications needed to help manage them. Seniors may also develop sleep disorders, chief among them being Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). This occurs when there’s an obstruction in the upper airway that momentarily stops the breathing process and lowers the level of oxygen in the blood. This then causes the brain to wake the body, pulling out of the sleep state. Those with OSA experience this multiple times throughout the night.

 

Ways to Improve Sleep

Although there are a number of factors that can influence a senior’s sleep quality, it’s important to remember that poor sleep is not a normal part of aging. Seniors who experience the symptoms of sleep apnea or severe insomnia should consult a physician or sleep specialist. However, seniors can also take steps on their own to regulate their sleep-wake cycle and get better rest at night.

  • Set a strict schedule and go to bed at the same time every day (including weekends)
  • Avoid napping throughout the day, if possible
  • Follow a daily exercise regimen, with approval from a physician
  • Spend time outside each day (at least 10-15 minutes) to receive some natural sunlight
  • Avoid caffeine and smoking 8 hours before
  • Avoid eating large meals or snacks before bed
  • Limit alcoholic beverages throughout the day, but avoid completely in the hours before bed
  • Make the bedroom a place exclusively for sleep, and ensure that the conditions are ideal for promoting quality sleep

 

Comfort Keepers® Can Help

At Comfort Keepers®, we want to help preserve all areas of senior wellbeing. Our caregivers can help seniors follow the recommended steps that promote quality sleep and let the family know of any dramatic changes in sleep behavior. Contact a local Comfort Keepers office today to learn more about our in-home care services.

 

 

 

 

References:

FamilyDoctor.org. “Sleep Changes in Older Adults.” Web. 2017.

AgingCare.com. “Do People Need Less Sleep As They Age?” by National Institutes of Health. Web. 2018.

National Sleep Foundation. “Aging and Sleep” Reviewed by Michael V. Vitiello, PhD. Web. 2009.

Seniors and Blood Pressure Management

The Silent Killer
53% of Canadians aged 60 to 79 have high blood pressure (or hypertension). It’s especially concerning considering that high blood pressure contributes significantly to the risk of health conditions that thousands face each year, such as heart attack, stroke, chronic heart failure, and kidney disease. And because those with high blood pressure tend not to have any symptoms, the disease is often referred to as the ‘silent killer.’

Blood pressure can increase for those of any age, but adults age 65 and older tend to be at greater risk of high blood pressure because of structural changes to the arteries. Fortunately, education around blood pressure seems to be making an impact; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that there has been a gradual increase in the number of older adults who have received treatment for high blood pressure since 1999. The key to managing high blood pressure for these individuals was having their blood pressure checked frequently. But what exactly constitutes normal blood pressure for seniors?

The CDC reports that nearly 8 out of 10 people who have their first stroke also have high blood pressure

What Is Considered Normal?
High blood pressure was, for many years, treated at 140/90mm Hg, but just last year, the American College of Cardiology (ACC) released new guidelines that consider 130/80 to be high. While these new guidelines were put in place to help treat high blood pressure earlier, some in the medical community feel that it may be harder to apply directly to seniors, who, as mentioned, already have higher blood pressure levels than younger adults. Treating the matter as black and white may not be realistic. For instance, lowering a senior’s blood pressure, when unnecessary, can dramatically increase seniors’ risk of falling. Conversely, one study showed that frail seniors may actually benefit from a slightly higher blood pressure level to help facilitate constant blood flow.

By ACC standards, blood pressure lower than 120/80 is still considered ideal, but physicians should consider all aspects of a senior’s wellbeing before setting out to reach this goal. Cardiovascular health is an extraordinarily important part of our overall health, but it should not be managed in a silo. Seniors should discuss the subject of their blood pressure thoroughly with a physician, keeping in mind any existing conditions and current medications. A comprehensive discussion will help lead to a better plan for either reducing the risk of high blood pressure or management of existing high blood pressure.

Managing Blood Pressure
All seniors should obtain a blood pressure monitor for their home so that they can self-check. It’s recommended that several readings, across the span of about one week, are averaged in order to get higher level of blood pressure accuracy. If blood pressure consistently stays high, medication may be required. However, there are a number of lifestyle choices seniors can make to help reduce their risk of high blood pressure, all of which should be done with physician approval.

• Follow a balanced, heart-healthy diet, complete with fruits and vegetables, high-fiber foods, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, and nuts
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Get some form of exercise every day for at least 30 minutes
• Do not salt your food and avoid processed foods whenever possible (especially if salt-sensitive)
• Follow a consistent sleep schedule
• Limit alcohol consumption (no more than one beverage a day for women, and two for men)
• Don’t smoke, or take steps to quit

Comfort Keepers® Can Help
The compassionate, professional caregivers of Comfort Keepers® can promote a heart-healthy lifestyle for seniors, in addition to other in-home care services, such as light housekeeping and mobility assistance. We can also provide transportation to and from the doctor’s office for any scheduled visits, and even help those recovering from any heart-related conditions. Contact a local Comfort Keepers office to learn about these services and others for seniors.

 

 

 

References:
Statistics Canada. “Health Fact Sheets:Blood pressure of adults, 2012 to 2015.” Web. 2016.
AgingCare. “High Blood Pressure: Guidelines and Treatments for Seniors. Web. 2018.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “High Blood Pressure Facts.” Web. 2018.
Better Health While Aging. “6 Steps to Better High Blood Pressure Treatment for Older Adults” by Leslie Kernisan, MD
MPH. Web. 2016.
American College of Cardiology. “New ACC/AHA High Blood Pressure Guidelines Lower Definition of Hypertension”
Web. 2017.
Harvard Health Publishing. “Blood pressure goals may need to change with age” by Howard LeWine, M.D Web. 2012.
National Institute on Aging. “High Blood Pressure.” Web. 2015.

Traumatic Brain Injuries and Fall Prevention

Falling Down

Think back to when you were a child and all the times you fell down, whether from roughhousing with siblings or playing outside with friends. It could be said that falling down is an essential part of growing up. As we develop, our bodies adapt and we tend to stay upright a majority of the time, without having to think much about it. It’s not until we reach an older age that the odds of falling become greater, and the injuries, in turn, become much more severe. In fact, falls are continuously noted as the leading cause of traumatic brain injury (TBI) hospitalization and death for older adults.

It’s estimated that two-thirds of older adults who have fallen will experience another fall within six months.

Traumatic Brain Injuries

Although TBI’s are serious at any age, they are much more likely to threaten the cognitive health of seniors. Some of the effects include everything from lack of coordination to a state of general confusion. Additionally, numerous studies within the last few decades show that there is a correlation between brain injuries (moderate and severe) and the risk of developing Alzheimer’s or other forms of dementia.

 

Treatment of mild TBI’s may require occupational, physical, and/or speech therapy to help a senior restore their ability to function, while more severe cases require prolonged hospitalization and careful observation. Whether mild or severe, TBI’s are often detrimental to a senior’s wellbeing and can interfere greatly with quality of life.

 

As mentioned, falls represent the leading cause of TBI’s – as well as a number of other debilitating injuries such as hip fractures and broken bones – so it’s important that seniors do what they can to reduce their risk of falls. Doing so can be the key to maintaining their health and independence. Here are some tips that they can follow:

 

Fall Prevention Tips

  • Have your vision checked often, and wear lenses if prescribed by an optometrist. It’s not uncommon for certain age-related eye conditions and lack of depth perception to cause a senior to fall.
  • Ensure that the house is free of hazards. Remove loose rugs, stacks of newspapers/magazines, as well as any cords that may be lying out.
  • Install assistive devices wherever possible. This can include everything from grab bars in the bathroom to a raised toilet seat with armrests.
  • Keep the home bright. Keep night lights in all rooms and hallways to ensure that there is illumination of some kind at every turn. Also be sure to keep flashlights easily accessible in the event of a power outage.
  • With a physician’s approval, incorporate an exercise regimen into your daily routine. Moderate physical activity can go a long way to improving one’s balance, strength and coordination – all of which can help reduce the risk of falling.
  • Talk with your physician to understand how any prescription or over-the-counter medications may impact the odds of falling. Similarly, he or she may be able to identify other issues that can increase the overall probability, and then determine what lifestyle changes to make.

 

Most importantly, it’s important for seniors to know that falling is not something that just normally happens as you get older, but conversely, they should also be aware that it’s not something that just happens to other people. Anyone can fall, but a majority of falls are preventable with the right precautions in place.

 

Comfort Keepers® Can Help

If we could, many of us would probably choose to be with our loved ones all the time, to help ensure their safety. But there inevitably comes a time when our loved ones need additional support. Comfort Keepers® can provide that assistance. Our compassionate and professionally trained caregivers can help ensure that a senior’s living environment is safe and that they’re taking the necessary steps to reduce their risk of falling. We can also help them get to any scheduled appointments with a physician or optometrist. Simply put, our goal is to see that aging adults have what they need to live happy, safe, and independent lives. Call your local Comfort Keepers office today to learn more.

 

References:

Mayo Clinic. “Health Aging: Fall Prevention.” Web. 2018.

National Council on Aging. “Debunking the Myths of Older Adult and Falls.” Web. 2018.

Alzheimer’s Association. “Alzheimer’s and Dementia: Traumatic Brain Injury.” Web. 2018.

Brain Injury Guide & Resources. “The Elderly and Traumatic Brain Injury.” Web. 2018.

 

 

Aging’s Impact on Nutrition & Reducing the Risk of Malnutrition

Skating By

In the midst of our daily lives, it’s not uncommon for us to push our body’s nutritional needs to the backburner. Think, for instance, of all the times you’ve settled for a bagel and a cup of coffee for breakfast, when you know full well that you really should have a more well-rounded meal to start your day.

 

When it comes to nourishment, we can get away with the bare minimum for a while, but of course, one of life’s greatest inconveniences is that, what we need to function never stays quite the same. This is especially true as we reach older age. But what exactly changes in our body that makes paying closer attention to nutrition so important?

 

A recent study found that, of the millions of older adults admitted to the hospital every year, one in three is malnourished.

 

What Changes?

For starters, we experience a gradual loss in muscle mass (something that actually starts in our 30s) and develop a slower metabolism. Bone density also decreases, and organ tissue begins to thin. We don’t often think about these changes because the focus is largely on aging’s effect on physical appearance – but they are still just as real. But despite these changes, our body still requires the same essential nutrients (protein, vitamins and minerals), and sometimes in larger number. The challenge is that, because of our slowed metabolism, we don’t need as many calories, making it vital that we choose foods that are nutrient-rich.

 

In addition to the physiological changes that take place, seniors may also begin to find less pleasure in eating. On one hand, simply acquiring healthy food may become more difficult, especially if driving is no longer possible. What’s more, many seniors find themselves experiencing a loss of appetite or motivation to eat because of their loneliness. Throughout our lives, meals are often accompanied by social interaction with friends and family. For a senior living alone, the thought of eating may further emphasize his or her lack of companionship.

 

All of these changes can culminate in malnutrition, a condition that can lead to a rapid decline in health or exacerbate pre-existing health issues. And while it’s estimated that nearly five million seniors are at risk of malnutrition, it’s a condition that is often missed or not properly diagnosed. Fortunately, there are ways for family caregivers to help their loved ones reduce the risk of malnutrition.

 

Reducing the Risk of Malnutrition

  • Make meals more social. Schedule days of the week to go over to a loved one’s home to help prepare meals and provide company. If you can’t physically be there, you can always do a video call with them during dinner time.
  • Educate seniors on the importance of nutrient-rich foods. While seniors may know that they need to eat nutritious foods, there may be some confusion on how to go about doing it. Plan a shopping trip with them to identify what to get each week, with consideration of the major food groups.
  • Consider meal delivery. Whether it’s through Meals on Wheels or subscription services like Blue Apron or HelloFresh, there are a number of alternatives that aging adults can rely on to get nutritious, well-rounded meals.
  • Keep communication open. When in doubt, pay close attention to any changes in a senior’s behavior and be sure to express any concerns you have about their eating habits. As mentioned earlier, emotion can play a significant role in the nourishment we provide for ourselves, so it’s important for aging adults to know that they can about how they’re feeling.
  • Consult his or her physician. If you notice that a senior isn’t eating properly (or at all), make sure to work with his or her physician to see what the root cause may be. For instance, a loss of appetite may be caused by a certain mediation, which will then need to be adjusted accordingly. Physician input is especially important if there’s any pre-existing conditions, in which case more specific dietary guidance will be given.

 

Comfort Keepers® Can Help

Being there for our aging loved ones and helping to personally identify when there’s a problem with their nutrition is important, but we can’t do it all. That’s where we come in. At Comfort Keepers®, we help seniors live healthy, independent lives in their own homes. We understand just how important nutrition is to senior wellbeing, which is why our caregivers provide assistance in preparing healthy, nutritious meals. They can also offer companionship care so that seniors have company while they eat. Additionally, we can help them get to the grocery store and find foods that follow the diet prescribed by their physician. Contact your local Comfort Keepers office to learn more about our services.

 

 

 

References:

MayoClinic. “How to Spot Malnutrition.” Web. 2017.

Food and Nutrition. “How Dietary Needs Change with Age” by Timi Gustafson. Web. 2014.

Tufts Now. “Nutrition Challenges As We Age” by Julie Flaherty. Web. 2017.

Exploring Sarcoidosis

Under the Radar

There are a number of diseases and conditions that have fully made their way into our shared lexicon, from the mild to the severe. Diabetes. Alzheimer’s. Arthritis. Cancer. These only represent a few, but there’s a good chance that you can think of someone who has dealt with each. One that you may not be so familiar with, however, is sarcoidosis – a chronic disease that leads to the formation of inflammatory cells in various organs throughout the body. And more than a third of those affected by sarcoidosis are older adults. While it can affect the eyes, liver, and heart, sarcoidosis usually impacts the lungs and skin, causing intense shortness of breath and lesions, respectively.

 

If sarcoidosis is starting to sound somewhat familiar, you may remember hearing about it back in 2008, after the death of comedian Bernie Mac. In 1983, Mac was diagnosed with the disease, which left his lungs in a weakened state. It wasn’t until the last few years of his life that he publicly discussed his struggle with sarcoidosis, but he was determined to create greater awareness, and even helped establish a foundation dedicated to the cause. Mac’s official cause of death was complications from pneumonia, but there were some who expressed that there may have been a link between the pneumonia and the disease with which he battled for so long.

According to a Global Burden and Disease Study, in 2015, sarcoidosis affected close to 2 million people globally, resulting in over 100,000 deaths.

An Ongoing Search

Fortunately, awareness of sarcoidosis and research efforts have expanded the last few years, but overall, there’s still little that we know about the disease. Researchers believe that it is the result of abnormal immune system response, but what triggers this remains a mystery. Some suspect that it’s brought on by the inhalation of certain harmful airborne toxins. In fact, a recent study showed a significant number of EMS and firefighters who helped in rescue and recovery during 9/11 have been diagnosed with sarcoidosis. Genetic susceptibility to sarcoidosis is also thought to be a primary factor.

 

What we do know about sarcoidosis is that it can affect anybody – and while it is often seen in those between the ages of 20 and 40, approximately 30% of all cases occur in older adults (those over 65 years of age). In this instance it is known as elderly-onset sarcoidosis.

 

Treatment and Living with Sarcoidosis

If seniors suspect that they may have sarcoidosis, based on the known symptoms (shortness of breath, fatigue, lesions on the skin, etc.), they should immediately contact their physician. He or she will examine the organs for granulomas and ask about medical history, with specific focus on family history of sarcoidosis, occupations that may have increased risk, exposure to beryllium metal, or contact with organic dust. A physician will then run a series of diagnostic tests, including chest x-rays, lung function tests, and biopsies.

 

If sarcoidosis is diagnosed, there are forms of treatment available, but they may not be for everyone. For those whose organs have been significantly impacted, treatment will almost certainly be recommended. Prescribed treatment will involve improving organ functionality, relieving symptoms, and reducing inflammation (through a steroid called prednisone). Sarcoidosis may naturally go away for some, making treatment unnecessary. However, though symptoms may dissipate, organs can still be damaged from sarcoidosis, ultimately making it more difficult to fight infection – a factor that, as noted above, may have been involved in Bernie Mac’s complications from pneumonia.

 

In all cases of sarcoidosis, individuals should follow up regularly with their health care team to have everything reassessed. And just like with any other disease, living with sarcoidosis may lead to feelings of anxiety or depression. That’s why having a support system comprised of family and friends is key – especially for older adults who may be struggling with these feelings anyway. Seniors can also take advantage of support groups – available through the Foundation for Sarcoidosis Research – and connect with those who have dealt with sarcoidosis. While it may not have the same level of public awareness as other diseases, it’s important to remember that sarcoidosis should be taken just as seriously.

 

Comfort Keepers® Can Help 

The compassionate, professional team of caregivers at Comfort Keepers® can help support seniors as they recover from sarcoidosis. Whether that means providing companionship throughout the week and reminding them to take medication or simply helping with laundry and meal preparation, we can help make life easier for them. Our caregivers can also assist in providing transportation to scheduled medical appointments or anywhere else seniors need to go. Learn more about Comfort Keepers’ unique style of caregiving by contacting your local Comfort Keepers office today.

 

 

 

References:

Scientific American. “What is Sarcoidosis?” by Nikhil Swaminathan. Web. 2018.

National Institutes of Health. “Elderly-Onset Sarcoidosis: Prevalence, Clinical Course, and Treatment” by
Jamilloux Y, Bonnefoy M, Valeyre D, Varron L, Broussolle C, Sève P. Web. 2013.

Sarcoidosis News. “High Incidence of Sarcoidosis Found in Ground Zero Firefighters and EMS Works Post 9/11” by
Ana Pamplona, PHD. Web. 2017.

Chest Foundation. “Sarcoidosis” by Doreen Addrizzo-Harris, MD, FCCP; Joseph Barney, MSPH, MD, FACP, FCCP;
Samantha D’Annunzio, MD; Sheetal Gandotra, MD; Nina Patel, MD, FCCP. Web. 2018.

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. “Sarcoidosis.” Web. 2015.

ABC News. “Mac’s Death Raises Sarcoidosis Awareness” by Dan Childs and ABC News Medical Unit. Web. 2008.